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(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 1.

G. W. DUDLEY.

v ADDING MACHINE. No. 555,038. Patented Feb. 18, 1896.

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G. W. DUDLEY.

ADDING MACHINE No. 555,038. Patented Feb. 18, 1896.

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No. 555,038. Patented Feb. 18, 1896.

WITNESSES.

George 7). flud'da yz AHAM. PHOTO-WOYWASNINGTON. I10v (No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 4.

G. W. DUDLEY.

ADDING MAGHINE.

No. 555,088. Patented Feb. 18, 1896.

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No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 5. G. W. DUDLEY.

ADDING MACHINE.

Patented Feb. 18, 1896.

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(No Model.)

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ADDING- 'M'AGHINE.

Patented Feb. 18, 1896.

INVENTOR WITNESSES.

Georye/ A TTORNEYS.

UN TED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE DUDLEY, OF CHARLESTON, VEST VIRGINIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE NUMEROGRAPII MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

" ADDING-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 555,038, dated February 18, 1896. Application filed May 8,1893. seatin 473,375. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern: quickly understood, I will in my specification Be it known that I, GEORGE W'IDUDLEY, first describe its general construction and arof Charleston, in the county of-Kanawha and i'angement of parts and its principal func- State of Vest Virginia, have invented a new tions and afterward describe in detail the and useful Improvement in Adding Mapeculiar construction and arrangement of its chines, of which the following is a speeifieaseveral features.

tion. I In the drawings, A represents a suitable The object of my invention is to provide a hollow base of wood or other desired mateconvenient and accurate adding-machine for rial, and B is the cover to the working parts 10 the use of clerks and accountants in which of the machine, which cover is made of sheet addition may be quickly effected in the colmetal. O are the operating-keys, which are umn of any denomination without reference nine in number, marked by figures 1 to 9, re to the usual order of progression of units to spectively, and arranged in two rows, one a tens, tens to hundreds, &c.that is to say, little above the other. In this cover B there 15 the addition may be performed by beginning appear slots or openings b, Figs. 1, 3, and 5, at the left-hand column of figures or one of the arranged in a row and corresponding to the middle columns just as well as if it started on positions of the numbered disks D within, the righthand or units column in the usual whose numbers show successively through way. It comprehends generally a series of these openings. There maybe anynumber of 20 rotating disks with numbers on their periphthese openings and numbered disks, but as cries, one disk representing units, the next shown there are seven, so that addition may tens, and so on, and each arranged to move be performed running up into seven figures or its neighbor of next higher denomination at millions. In the cover B is formed just above every tenth space, the said disks being arthe row of holes I) a longitudinal slot 1),

25 ranged to be operated by levers and keys, through which protrudes from the interior a and having also an internal sliding ad j usting pointer 7Z2, which always rests over the hole device by which all of the keys maybe made of the disk that is connected to the keys, it to operate upon a disk of any desired de being understood that any one of the numnomination, as hereinafter more fully debered disks may be connected to the operat- 30 scribed. ing-keys to the exclusion of all the others.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a top plan view This is for the purpose of enabling the operof my improved adding-machine. Fig. 2 is a ator when leaving off work to know upon similar view with the cover removed. Fig. 3 his return whatdenominations he was workis a front elevation with parts broken away. ing in.

Fig. 4c is an inverted plan view with the bot- F and E are two other keys which serve to S 5 tom of the hollow base removed. Fig. 5 is a adjust the pointer 71 and contemporaneously vertical transverse section on the line 5 5, and by the same movement serve to connect Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a sectional detail of the anyone of the numbered disks to the operatgear-wheel J and its ratchets and shaft. Fig. ing-keys, so as to add any denomination at 0 (5 is a vertical transverse section on the line will. One of these keys, F, moves the pointer 6 6, Fig. 2. Fig. 7 is an inside face view of and the engaging devices for the numbered one of the numbered disks. Fig. 8 is a verdisks forward or to a disk of higher denomitical section of two of such disks with one of nation one space at each depression of the the partitions in position. Fig. 9 is side view key, and the other key, E, similarly moves 5 of one of the partitions with the loeking-dethe pointer (and the connecting devices for 5 tent and releasing device. Fig. 10 is a detail the disks and keys) backward the space of viewillustrating the shifting-keymechanism, one disk at each depression of said key, so and Fig. 11 is a detail view of the shiftingthat it will be seen that the pointer and condiskshereinafterreferred to. necting devices for coupling the keys and 50 In order that my invention may be more disks maybe moved to any denomination desired by running it forward or backward with a step-by-step motion through or by means of these keys F and E.

Having thus described the part-s visible from the exterior of the instrument, I will now proceed to a description of the working parts beneath the cover. (See Figs. 2 and 6.)

G G are two upright standard-plates fixed to the base and carrying two parallel shafts II and I. The shaft II carries loosely upon it the numbered disks D and constitutes their axial center. The shaft I is a part of the intervening mechanism between the keys and the numbered disks, whose construction and relation will now be described. This shaft I is a rock-shaft, and it is moved in one direction by a pull exerted upon one of the series of cranks I through the keys, and in the other direction by helical spring 1 one end of which is rigidly attached to said shaft I and the other end to the base. The oscillation of this shaft I gives a step-by-step rotation. to the numbered disks through the toothed wheels J J. The gear-wheel J is a loose wheel on shaft I. through a ratchet-wheel J arranged beside it, which ratchet-wheel is rigid on that shaft and. engages in its forward. movement with a pawl J on the loose gear-wheel, carrying said gear-wheel with it. There are preferably two of these ratchets and pawls, one on. each side of the gear J, as shown in Figs. 2 and 5. On the backward movement of the shaft I the ratchet-wheel J slides under the pawl and does not move the loose gear, it being held for this movement by its engagement with gear-wheel J and the resistance of the helical spring 1 said backward movement being limited by a lever J which is rigid on the shaft I, engaging a pin g in standard-plate G, as shown in Figs. 2 and (3.

As the gear-wheel .l moves forward it turns the gear-wheel J, which is in mesh with it, and this gear-wheel J being rigid on the shaft II turns the latter and also the numbered disks through the devices hereinafter described.

The cranks I are pulled down by the action of the keys through links J, Fig. 6, each of which has a turnbuckle i in its length for adjustment or taking up of any looseness. These links or turnbuckles are connected to horizontal levers C within the hollow base, (see Figs. 4 and (3,) all of which levers (l are fnlcrumcd at one end independently upon an axial shaft C and occupy a position parallel to each other. The levers C are jointed to the horizontal lovers 0, Figs. 4 and 6, whose free ends are connected to the vertical stems of the keys and whose opposite ends are fulerumed to an axial shaft 1* on the opposite side of the base from the axial shaft 0 These lovers 0 are forced upwardly by individual springs C, fixed to the rear of the base, and the tension of these springs serves also to hold up the keys C in an elevated position.

It receives motion from the shaft 1' In connecting the levers C and C the levers of each pair are jointed together at different points, Fig. 4, and their leverage is compounded, so that a definite and fixed descent of each key 0 gives a different extent of movement to each link J, said leverage being so adjusted that this extent of movement will be least for key No. l and nine times as much for key No. 9, and graduated so on between these keys, so as to make each key give a movement to the shaft II commem surate with the number which it represents, so that each key will cause the numbered disk to be turned a distance corresponding to the number of units which that key represents.

To connect the cranks I rigidly to the shaft I and yet permit of the individual action of each crank without disturbing the others, the shaft I is provided with a longitudinal rib or key 1 running through all of the cranks, (see Fig. 2,) each of which cranks is cutaway circularly a distance equal to the throw of the 9s crank on one side of said rib or key, so that as the shaft oscillates its key or rib turns freely in the cut-away 0r enlarged portions in the cranks without disturbing the others.

\Vhen akey has been depressed and a movement transmitted to one of the numbered disks, it is important that the momentum of the connecting mechanism shall not carry it too far. For this purpose at the end of the stroke of each key its lever C or (J is made to strike a rocking frame K, (see Figs. l and 0,) which crosses all of said levers and is attached to a rock-shaft K. As the shaft is thus rocked an arm K Fig. 5, on the same is thrown into the teeth of the ratchet-wheel J and prevents the gears J J from bein moved too far. \Vhen pressure on the key released, the arm K is removed from the ratehetavheel, and the frame K is lifted again by the action of a helical spring K Fig. l, on the said shaft.

To adjust the stroke of the lovers 0 and the keys (1, so as to correct any looseness or errors in stroke, a series of set-screws S are arranged iuaframe S, Figs. 4-, 5, and fl, and act as so many steps to limit the downward movement of the levers. This frame S is also provided with a series of parallel guide-studs S to properly guide the middle parts of the jointed lovers 0 0* on their up-and-down movement.

I will now proceed to describe how all of the adding-keys maybe made to act upon an v one of the numbered disks, so as to cause them to add tens, hundreds, thousands, &c., as well as units, and any one of these de' nominations without reference to the ascending order of progression.

Each one of the numbered disks-I) is formed at its inner axial bearing, where it revolves on the shaft II, with a circular series of inwardly-projecting teeth (1, Figs. (3, '7, and S, and within the shaft II is a longitiulinally-zuljustable bar II, which has a single narrow lug 7t that projects through a longitudinal IIO slot h in shaft H and is adapted to pass between the inwardly-projecting teeth (I of the numbered disks. This lug h is less than or just equal in width to the' thickness of the disk. When this lug is engaged with such internal gear-teeth, the numbered disk having that internal gear is locked rigidly to the adjustable bar H and rotary shaft H, so that the step-by-step rotation of the shaft H is transmitted to that numbered disk whose internal gear is engaged by the lug h on the adjustable bar H, and all the other numbered disks are loose on the shaft H and are not act uated by its revolution. This bar H may be adjusted longitudinally to brin its lug into engagement with any one of the numbered disks, so that the keys may rotate at the will of the operator the numbered disk of any denomination.

The bar H is extended entirely through one end of the shaft 11 and has an arm H Figs. 3, 5, and 6, that is bent up and over the numbered disks and has attached to it the pointer it that protrudes through the slot 1) in the cover B, and points always to the numbered disk that is rigidly connected to the actuating-shaft II for operation. This pointer 71 and adjustable bar H are mounted upon and moved by a standard L, Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6, working in a housing L and descending through a slot in the base,where it is attached to a rack-bar L Figs. 4 and 5, playing in guides L L within the base. This rack-bar has a triangular releasing-cam l, Fig. 4:, that deflects a detent or pawl Z, (see Fig 6,) and unlocks the numbered disk D that has been engaged by the lug of the adjustable bar H. This cam Z is made to press against and release any one of the detents Z of the numbered disks according to the position of the parts, always unlocking the periphery of that disk which is to be operated.

The rack-bar L serves to effect three functions. It adjusts the pointer, locks the internal gear of the numbered disk to be worked, and (see Fig. 6) unlocks the detent Z from the notches s in the periphery of the same disk, as hereinafter more fully described. The rack-bar L itself is moved by a gear-wheel M, Figs. 4 and 5, on the shaft M, crossing the rack-bar at right angles and journaled in bearings within the base. This shaftis given a step-by-step motion either backward or forward by the two keys F and E through the following mechanism.

Into a casing 0, Figs. 2 and 3, outside the base A the end of the shaft M is projected, and is provided with two rigidly-attached ratchet-wheels N and O, and also a rigidlyattached stop-disk P, Fig. 11. The ratchetwheels have their teeth pointing in opposite directions, and they are respectively acted upon by plunger devices attached to the keys E and F to rotate the shaft M in one direction or the other. The stop-disk P has notches n in its periphery corresponding in number and position to the teeth of the ratchetwheels. With these notches there engages a double-acting detenti. 6., a detent that is acted upon and released by either one of the keys E and F. This detent consists of a plate P, Figs. 3 and 10, having a central lug or tooth p, Fig. 3, projecting laterally therefrom and adapted to enter the notches of disk P. This plate is supported in a peculiar manner by a bracket P attached to the base. In each end of the plate P there is a curved slot p Fig. 10, which slots embrace short guide -pins n 01 attached to the bracket. Spring-arms n 77. also extend from each side of the bracket and, resting beneath a pin or offset 19 011 the same, tend always to hold the detent-plate and its tooth p (which is on the opposite side) up into the notchof disk P. WVhen either end of the detent-plate is depressed (by the action of one or the other of the keys E and F) the tooth p of said detent is removed from the stop-disk P, and when any one of said detent-plates is depressed the slot and pin at that end act as a guide for this movement, while the other pin, occupying a position in the ends of the slot, acts, from the tension of the spring-arms, as a center of oscillation. This action takes place no matter which end of the plate is depressed.

I will now describe how the descent of either key F or E serves to rotate one or the other of the ratchet-wheels N and O, and also unlocks the detent-plate.

As each key E and F is substantially like the other in its construction and operation, it will be necessary to describe only one of them. The shank of the key is a vertical stein made square in cross-section (see Fig. 4) where it passes through the casing and has an arm or point of attachment at its lower end, to which is attached a helical spring E or F, Fig. 10, to cause the keys to rise again after being depressed. The shanks of these keys carry two active parts, one being a pawl p and the other a push-bar 13 The pawl is designed to act upon one of the ratchet-wheels N O, and the push-bar serves to depress the detent-plate P to unlock the disk P and allow the pawl to turn the ratchet. The pawl, by engaging the ratchet N or 0 above the center, receives a lateral motion as the key F or E is depressed, which lateral motion is transmitted to the push-bar 19*, causing it to pass off the end of plate P, so as to allow the latter to rise again with its lug p to lock disk Pagain at the right point. For this purpose the pawl and push-bar are rigidly connected together through their axis, and a single spring-arm p is made to render them both yielding.

For one of the keys E the pawl and pushbar are on opposite sides of the shank of the key while for the other key both the pawl and push-bar are on the same side of the shank of the key. This is necessary in order to bring the pawls and push-bars of the two keys in proper relation to the planes of the two ratchet-wheels an d notched disk. The action of each key with its pawl and push-bar is the same as the other, except that one key acts upon one ratchet'wheel and rotates the shaft H in one direction, and the other acts upon the other ratchet-wheel and rotates the shaft M in the other direction. This opposite movement of the shaft M, it will be seen, serves through the devices hereinbefore described to couple the keys to any one of the numbered disks at will.

I will now proceed to describe the construction and arrangement of the numbered disks and the method of carrying from one to the other.

The disks D alternate with fixed metal plates D, Figs. 2, S, and 9. The disks are made hollow, (see Fig. 8,) with a central hub r, in which is formed the internal gear through which they are actuated an d with a peripheral flange r, on the exterior of which are formed or engraved the numerals O, 1, 2, 3, a, 5, t, 7, 8, and 9. For the purpose of reducing the throw of the Os crank, and consequently the power necessary to carry the disk through what would otherwise be nine-tenths of a revolution, each disk has two series of digits, one following in succession after the other, and therefore the carrying from one disk to the next must be effected at each. half-revolution. It will be understood that there may be only one series of digits around the entire periphery, or there may be more than two without departing from the principles of my invention.

On the external face of each hollow disk, at short distance from the outer periphery, there is formed a circular series of gouged out notches s, Fig. 6, which correspond in number and position to the numbers on the periphery of the disk. \Vith these notches the carrying device engages. Outside these notches and opening upon the edge of the periphery is a second series of notches s, with which the de tents or locking devices 7, for the disk engage. (See Figs. 0 and 9.) On the inside of the hollow disk there is a forked spring .9 straddling the hub and bearing at its free end a pin 3, which. forms the carrying device and operates through the partition-plate upon the next disk of higher denomination. This spring has its legs secured to the disk, and has a spring motion at right angles to the plane of the disk.

The alternating partition plates D which separate the disks are formed at two diametrically-opposite points with short curved slots 1:, Fig. 9, which give passage to the carryingpin .9 of one disk, so that it may enter the series of notches s of the next disk of higher denominations and turn it one space. As this is required to be done at the end of each series of digits, with the construction shown there are two of said slots, and whenever the figure 9 shows through an opening in the top of the case the carrying-pin s" protrudes through one of the slots in the partitionplate I), and at the next movement turns the next disk of higher denomination. At each opening in the partition-plate there is a camflange, one, u, at the entrance of one slot on the outer edge of the same, and another, n, at the edge of the slot upon the other side. These cam-flanges n a serve to withdraw the carrying-pin from the slot after having been forced through the same by the spring of the forked shank.

I have already referred to detents Z for locking the numbered disks and the means for releasing them at will. In the act of carrying in the automatic operation of the machine, it will be perceived that this detent must also be released whenever one disk acts upon and carries or turns the next. This detent is constructed as an elbow-lever and its tooth engages the row of notches s, Fig. ii. This detent must be thrown out at each carrying operation, and for this purpose each numbered disk has on its periphery at the end of each series of digits adepression 1', Figs. 2 and 7, and into it is made to drop a spring-catch 1:, Figs. (3 and f), whichcatchhas a toe b that bears against a pin r on the detent Z (that locks the disk of next higher or der) and throws the detent out of contact with the notches of the disk, as shown in Fig. 9 by dotted lines. It will thus be seen that the device r b is in the nature of a releasing device for the disk. As this action takes place at the end of each series of digits, it occurs twice in the revolution of the disk, and when it occurs the disk of next higher dcnomination is unlocked from its detent Z and carried one notch by the disk of next lower denomii'iation through the agency of the carrying-pin 5. Both the spring-catch r and detent Z are pivoted to and carried by the partition-plate, and the depression '2) has upon one side an inclined face 1;, Fig. 7, so as to permit the spring-catch to ride up onto the periphery of the disk again as it makes its further movements.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination in an adding-imichiuc, of a series of numbered disksharing internal gear-teeth, an axial shaft for the same, a sliding bar moving longitudinally within said shaft and having a lug or tooth projectin on twardly and adapted to engage the internal gear of any disk, a series of nine operating keys geared to the axial shaft to operate it, and a pair of adjusting-keys with mechanism connecting them directly to the sliding bar in dependently of the operating-keys,one of said adjusting-keys serving to move the sliding barforward and the other backward, substantially as shown and described.

2. The combination in an adding-machine, of a series of numbered disks representing different denominations, a cover for the disks with an opening in it for the exposure of a part of the periphery of each disk, a pointerarranged to be adjusted along the series, a set of operating-keys, a pair of adjusting-keys, and a connecting mechanism between the ad ITO justing-keys and disks, to couple the operating-keys to any one of the disks and by the same movement to adjust the pointer to said disk substantially as shown and described.

3. The combination of the numbered disks D having internal gear cl, the axial shaft H with slot and adjustable bar H having lug h arranged within the shaft H, the pointer-arm H with pointer 71 attached to said bar, and means for moving said bar back and forth substantially as shown and described.

4. The combination with the adjustable bar 11, with locking-lug, and the numbered disks with internal gears as described; of the stand ard L, rack-bar IF, the shaft M with gearwheel M, and a double-acting-ratchet mechanism with keys F E for rotating said shaft in either direction, substantially as shown and described.

5. The combination with the disks D having detent-notches s on their periphery, and detents Z engaging therewith; of a cam Z for releasing one of said detents, the rack-bar L carrying the cam, and mechanism for operat ing this rack-bar and throwing one of the disks into operative connection substantially as shown and described.

6. The combination with the rack-bar and its actuated parts; of a shaft M with gearwheel M,reversed ratchet-wheels N and O,and notched stop-disk P, a detent-plate for the stop-disk and the yieldin g keys E and F with pawls operating upon the ratchets and pushbars for releasing the detent-plate, substantially as shown and described.

'7. The combination with the adjusting devices of an adding-machine as described; of a shaft with double-acting-ratchet mechanism consisting of reversed ratchets N and O and stop-disk P, rigidly attached to the shaft, the detent-plate P with tooth p and slots p p, fulcrum and guide pins n 41 springs n n, and the keys having each a yielding pawl 19 operating upon the ratchets, and push-bars 45 19 adapted to operate upon opposite ends of the detent-plate, the said pawl and pushbar being axially connected substantially as shown and described.

8. The combination of the numbered disks and an axial shaft for actuating them having a gear-wheel J, the loose gear J with pawl J shaft I arranged parallel to the disk-shaft and having rigid ratchet-wheel J spring I and rib t the loose wheel J hung upon shaft I and meshing with wheel J and connected to the ratchet-wheel by a pawl, the cranks I cut away at their axial bearings, anda series of keys,key-levers, and links, connecting with said cranks substantially as shown and described.

9. The combination with the disks; of the keys 0, the two sets of levers O and O fulcrumed at their outer ends and pivotally connected in the middle in pairs each for a different leverage for each key, and connecting mechanism for imparting the different throw of each key to the disks substantially as shown and described.

10. The combination with the keys and subjacent devices 0 0 consisting of compound levers fulcrumed at their outer ends and jointed together in the middle; of the bracket or frame-piece S having guide-stem S separating the middle parts of the compound levers, and adjusting stop-screws S substantially as and for the purpose described.

11. The combination of the numbered disks having notches on their peripheries corresponding to the numerals and a tripping-recess a: with inclined sides for each series of numerals; of a spring-catch v, and a locking-detent Z, the said tripping-catch being loosely connected to the detent and arranged as described to drop into said recess and disengage the detent from the notches in carrying from one disk to the next substantially as shown and described.

GEORGE W. DUDLEY.

Witnesses:

SoLoN O. KEMON, FRED G. DIETERICH. 

